99.+Heat+&+Temp.+Experiment

= **__HEAT AND TEMPERATURE __**  =

**Heat** is a form of energy. **Temperature** is related to how fast the particles of a substance are moving (liquids and gases) or vibrating (solids). When heat is added to an object its temperature rises; when heat is removed from an object its temperature decreases. To find out more click here.

**Experiment **
**AIM: ** To find the answers to these questions:
 * 1) Does the amount of a substance influence how much the temperature rises?
 * 2) Does the type of substance influence how much the temperature rises?

CAUTIONS:
 * wear safety glasses
 * use a 0-300 degrees C thermometer
 * practice how to remove the container using tongs before you start

**METHOD: ** 1. Measure the temperature <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">2. Place container on element and heat for exactly 1 minute <span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">3. Remove the container from the heat and measure the temperature with gentle stirring 4. Record the temperature 5. Repeat 1. to 4. for another liquid or volume



**Results table** **Conclusion:** From the data we can see two trends:
 * =  ||||=  Temperature of the liquid ( ° C)  ||=  Rise in temperature ( ° C)  ||
 * ^  ||=  Before heating  ||=  After heating  ||^   ||
 * = 40mL water  ||= 22 ||= 37 ||= 15 ||
 * = 80 mL water  ||= 20 ||= 29 ||= 9 ||
 * = 40 mL cooking oil  ||= 21 ||= 44 ||= 23 ||
 * = 80 mL cooking oil  ||= 23 ||= 36 ||= 13 ||
 * 1) The temperature rise of water or oil depends on the volume heated. The greater the volume the less the temperature rise.
 * 2) When heated under similar conditions for the same time, oil has a greater rise in temperature than water.
 * Discussion **
 * 1) Trend 1 is easily understandable. The 80 mL beaker has twice the number of particles than 40 mL. Heat increases the average kinetic energy of the particles and since we gave the same amount of heat to both beakers, the partcles in the 40 mL beaker should get twice the kinetic energy of the particles in the 80 mL beaker, so their temperature should be roughly double. This is what we found: 15 ° C is roughly twice 9 ° C and 23 ° C is roughly twice 13 ° C. (Note: there is more heat lost in the hotter liquids)
 * 2) Trend 2 is more tricky. Water has a greater ability to absorb heat ("heat capacity") than oil. This means the same amount of heat will cause the temperature of oil to rise more than the temperature of water. (From data books we find that it takes 4.18 joules of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 ° C, whereas it takes 1.75 joules of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of vegetable oil by 1 ° C. That is, water has more than twice the heat capacity of vegetable oil)